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Objective:To establish the quality control method of the wine-processing Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma standard decoction,in order to provide reference for the quality evaluation of the wine-processing Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma formula granules and other related products. Method:Totally 15 batches of representative wine-processing Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma pieces were collected to prepare the standard decoction, establish the HPLC fingerprint and determine the content of five components(sodium danshensu,caffeic acid,rosmarinic acid,lithospermic acid,salvianolic acid B). The main common peaks in fingerprint were identified to define the main chemical constituents in the standard decoction, the parameters,such as dry extract rate,transfer rate of index components and pH of the standard decoction were calculated, and the comprehensive evaluation index was established to evaluate the stability of the preparation process. Result:The main component standard decoction was phenolic acids. The concentrations of five components(sodium danshensu,caffeic acid,rosmarinic acid,lithospermic acid,salvianolic acid B)in the standard decoction were 0.21%-0.37%,0.03%-0.10%,0.08%-0.18%,0.07%-0.13%,2.68%-4.34%, the dry extract rates of standard decoction were 71.8%-85.4%,50.0%-71.4%,68.2%-81.0%,66.7%-84.6%,67.5%-79.6%,the transfer rates were between 45.1%-55.3%,and pH value was between 5.91-6.05. The fingerprint similarities of the 15 batches of standard decoction with reference fingerprints were>0.98,the fingerprint showed 12 common peaks,7 of which were considered to be sodium danshensu,protocatechuic aldehyde,caffeic acid,ferulic acid,rosmarinic acid,lithosperic acid and salvianolic acid B. Conclusion:The established systematic evaluation for the quality of wine-processing Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma standard decoction is stable and feasible,and provides a reference for the quality control of relevant preparations of wine-processing Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma decoction.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Shellfish are recognized as important vehicles of norovirus-associated gastroenteritis. The present study aimed to monitor norovirus contamination in oysters along the farm-to-fork continuum in Guangxi, a major oyster production area in Southwestern China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Oyster samples were collected monthly from farms, markets, and restaurants, from January to December 2016. Norovirus was detected and quantified by one-step reverse transcription-droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (RT-ddPCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 480 oyster samples were collected and tested for norovirus genogroups I and II. Norovirus was detected in 20.7% of samples, with genogroup II predominating. No significant difference was observed in norovirus prevalence among different sampling sites. The norovirus levels varied widely, with a geometric mean of 19,300 copies/g in digestive glands. Both norovirus prevalence and viral loads showed obvious seasonality, with a strong winter bias.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This study provides a systematic analysis of norovirus contamination 'from the farm to the fork' in Guangxi. RT-ddPCR can be a useful tool for detection and quantification of low amounts of norovirus in the presence of inhibitors found particularly in foodstuffs. This approach will contribute to the development of strategies for controlling and reducing the risk of human illness resulting from shellfish consumption.</p>
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the technique and therapeutic effect of bridge wire splint fixation with ankle dorsiflexion for the treatment of femoral shaft fractures in young children. Methods:From June 2006 to June 2012,45 young children with femoral shaft fractures were treated by bridge wire splint fixation with ankle dorsiflexion,which was designed according to arch bridge mechanical principle and structure. There were 31 males and 14 females with an average age of 3.2 years old ranging from 8 months to 5.5 years old; 14 cases were upper 1/3 femoral fractures,26 cases were middle 1/3 femoral fractures,5 cases were lower 1/3 femoral fractures; 20 cases were transverse fractures, 14 cases were oblique fractures,6 cases were spiral frac- tures, and 5 cases were comminuted fractures. X-ray, follow-up imaging changes,clinical curative effect and complications were assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Forty-five patients were followed up for 6 to 21 months (averaged 12 months). All fractures were reached clinical bone healing after 5 to 7 weeks (averaged 6 weeks) fixation. Seven cases appearred limb soft tissue complications, including buttocks bedsore,dorsal foot and Achilles tendon epidermal necrosis, and healed after dressing and removal of external fixation. During follow-up,the original overlap angle and lateral displacement were remodeled, and limbs were restored to the normal line of force and bone structure. According to Flynn standard, 35 cases got excellent results, 8 cases good, 2 cases fair.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The bridge wire splint fixation with ankle dorsiflexion for the treatment of femoral. shaft fractures in young children (less than 6 years old) is safe,feasible, simple,and has raliable effect, which can be applied in primary hospitals.</p>
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Ankle , General Surgery , Bone Wires , Femoral Fractures , General Surgery , Femur , General Surgery , Follow-Up Studies , Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare clinical effects between bridge wire splint fixation and traditional Bryant traction for the treatment of femoral shaft fractures in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2006 to June 2009,38 children with femoral shaft fractures were treated with bridge wire splint fixation and Bryant traction. In bridge wire splint group, there were 15 males and 6 females, ranging in age from 8 months to 5.3 years, with an average of (2.3 +/- 0.6) years. According to fracture site classification, 5 patients were upper 1/3 femoral fractures, 9 patients were middle 1/3 femoral fractures,and 7 patients were lower 1/3 femoral fractures. In Bryant traction group,there were 10 males and 7 females, ranging in age from 10 months to 3.2 years, with an average of (2.2 +/- 0.4) years. According to fracture site classification, 4 cases were upper 1/3 femoral fractures, 10 patients were middle 1/3 femoral fractures, 3 patients were lower 1/3 femoral fractures. The clinical features, X-ray healing time,weight-bearing time and complications of the two groups were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Comparison of fracture healing time: bridge wire splint group was (6.0 +/- 0.3) weeks and Bryant traction group was (6.2 +/- 0.4) weeks; the time of weight-bearing in bridge wire splint group was (6.1 +/- 1.0) weeks and in Bryant traction group was (6.4 +/- 1.2) weeks; there was no significant difference between two groups. There was a significant difference in soft tissue complication between bridge wire splint group occurred in 3 cases and 13 cases in Bryant traction group. According to the criteria of clinical efficacy,in Bryant traction group, 12 patients got an excellent result, 4 good and 1 fair; in bridge wire splint group, the data were 17, 3 and 1 respectively,and there was no significant difference between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both of bridge wire splint fixation and traditional Bryant traction for the treatment of femoral shaft fractures in children have good efficacy. Compared with Bryant traction,bridge wire splint fixation is simple, safe and has reliable effect.</p>